In this edition of Design Dialogues, we are honored to feature TRAN TRUNG Architects, a firm that seamlessly blends modern architectural aesthetics with sustainability, climate responsiveness, and cultural relevance. Known for their innovative approach to integrating nature within urban environments, TRAN TRUNG Architects consistently redefines the relationship between built spaces and their surroundings, crafting structures that are not only functional but deeply connected to their local context.

Through projects such as HY House, AD House, and Lei Đi Cà Phê, the firm demonstrates a commitment to creating spaces that enhance well-being, foster social connections, and embrace environmentally conscious design. Their philosophy of “sacrifice” in architecture—where spatial openness and harmony with nature take precedence over rigid conventional structures—reflects a forward-thinking approach that resonates in the evolving landscape of Vietnamese architecture.

In this conversation, we explore TRAN TRUNG Architects’ design principles, their use of traditional materials in modern construction, and their vision for the future of architecture in Vietnam. Their insights offer a compelling perspective on how architecture can contribute to a healthier, more sustainable, and deeply human way of living.

Your firm places a strong emphasis on integrating architecture with nature. How do you balance modern design aesthetics with sustainability and local climate responsiveness in your residential projects?

Tran Trung: We always begin each project by visiting the construction site to directly experience and study the local climate, combined with available climate data. From these real-world observations and detailed analysis, we are able to develop optimal design solutions tailored to the specific orientations of the building. Natural elements such as light, wind, rain, and greenery are carefully integrated and controlled to create an ideal building envelope that adapts perfectly to the tropical monsoon climate.

In addition, we design open, free-flowing interior spaces, ensuring that the rooms and furnishings are entirely shielded from harmful external factors. We call this Climate-Adaptive Architecture, where the connection between humans and nature is seamlessly integrated.

HY House is designed to enhance mental well-being by integrating nature within a dense urban setting. What were the biggest challenges in maintaining this openness while ensuring privacy for the homeowners?

Tran Trung: In life, we are often required to make choices because life itself is never perfect from the start. When it comes to designing housing in urban areas, we must meet the functional needs of a multi-generational family within a limited land area, with three sides being blocked. The greatest challenge is to create an open structure while still maintaining privacy for individuals.

In this process, we use the concept of “sacrifice” – a deliberate sacrifice. We need to give up part of the land area and adjust some individual needs in exchange for a space filled with natural light, fresh air, and greenery.

At that point, the house becomes not just a place to live, but a space where people can feel connected with nature and experience the emotional sharing among family members. It becomes a point of connection, bringing a peaceful and harmonious spiritual life.

The concept of a ‘tropical shell’ made of interlocking fired clay bricks is an innovative response to urban environmental challenges. How did you balance aesthetics, structural integrity, and climate responsiveness in its design?

Tran Trung: The concept of the “Tropical Shell System” originates from the materials and local environment that create it. In developing this structure, we conducted thorough research on the climate and local architecture of the area to create a façade that is both innovative and deeply connected to the regional architectural style. This approach ensures harmony with the surrounding urban environment, fostering a sense of unity and balance in the architecture.

Architecture is often a reflection of culture and societal shifts. How do you see Vietnamese residential architecture evolving in the coming years, and what role does your firm aim to play in shaping that future?

Tran Trung: We believe that architectural works are not only physical structures but also serve as repositories of culture, thought, and the spirit of society. Vietnamese architecture has undergone a clear transformation in the past decade and is poised for remarkable growth in the future. Many iconic architectural projects in Vietnam are now being recognized and celebrated by the global community through prestigious international awards.

At TRAN TRUNG Architects, we see architecture not only as a means of expressing material values but also as a way to create deep spiritual values for individuals and society. We have our own design philosophy, which aims to address societal issues effectively by nurturing the spirit of each individual. When each person understands the value of “sacrifice” — giving up a portion of space or personal customization in exchange for a peaceful, open life in harmony with nature — society will become better and more sustainable.

AD House is designed as a “breathing” structure that remains open to nature despite being surrounded by dense urban development. How did you balance this openness while ensuring security and privacy for the homeowners?

Tran Trung: At AD House, we have explored an intelligent spatial structure that we call the “high porosity structure.” In this design, the space is fully open and connected to the outside through buffer zones — empty spaces filled with lush greenery. These buffer zones not only provide openness but also ensure privacy for the family members.

The open space inside is created by a vast void occupying one-third of the area, extending vertically from the bottom to the top. This feature not only connects the different levels seamlessly but also unites the family members and links people with nature, offering a sense of comfort and harmony.

With environmental concerns like air and noise pollution in rapidly developing cities like Da Nang, what role do you think architecture can play in creating healthier living environments?

Tran Trung: In my opinion, architects should have a healthy spiritual life, as this will enable us to develop the right mindset and guide clients towards designs that focus on building an open and healthy lifestyle. The designs will prioritize increasing green space, using sustainable and clean materials, and simplifying the construction process to minimize environmental pollution and save energy. As a result, these designs will not only provide a healthier living environment but also create a more friendly and sustainable space for the community.

Your work emphasizes flexible and sustainable solutions tailored to regional climates. With Vietnam’s diverse environmental conditions, how do you ensure each design remains both contextually relevant and adaptable for the future?

Tran Trung: As mentioned above, we always begin each project by directly visiting the construction site to experience and thoroughly study the local climate, in combination with existing climate data. From these real-world observations and detailed analysis, we can propose optimal design solutions tailored to each approach of the project.

These solutions emphasize flexibility and creativity in using environmentally friendly materials while ensuring that they meet the specific climatic characteristics of the area. Only then can the project be durable, lasting for decades or even centuries.

Lei Đi Cà Phê redefines the relationship between built spaces and nature. What were the key design strategies you used to ensure a seamless connection between the café, its urban surroundings, and the natural elements?

Tran Trung: Our initial idea was to create a café space that is intimate and fully connected with nature. To bring this idea to life, we developed three main strategies: spatial structure, materials, and nature.

In terms of spatial structure, we designed an entirely open space by minimizing the use of concrete flooring, opting instead for light, airy, and elevated floor structures that make the space feel more open and integrated with the surrounding environment.

Regarding materials, to minimize environmental impact, we used entirely recycled construction waste and limited the finishing touches to only what was necessary, reducing the project’s ecological footprint.

As for nature, we aimed to create an indoor garden café space. Therefore, all natural elements such as sunlight, wind, and greenery are thoughtfully and strategically integrated within the interior, providing a close and relaxing connection to nature for every customer.

Beyond aesthetics, the café integrates passive cooling techniques, such as clay bricks with water absorption properties. How do you see traditional materials playing a role in modern sustainable architecture, especially in tropical climates like Vietnam?

Tran Trung: In countries with a tropical monsoon climate like Vietnam, traditional materials are a precious treasure, as they have been developed and refined over generations to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. Traditional materials not only played an important role in the past but also remain vital for the future. What we need to do is adapt construction methods to better suit modern times, bringing a fresh approach while still preserving the foundation of traditional materials. This can be seen as a technical innovation in construction, built upon the enduring values of traditional materials.

Looking ahead, as architecture continues to evolve with new technologies, sustainability challenges, and shifting societal needs, what is one fundamental principle or belief that you think should always remain at the core of architectural practice, no matter how much the industry changes?

Tran Trung: In my opinion, technology will play a crucial role in improving our lives and enhancing labor productivity. In architecture, technology will also simplify the design process, but it is merely a tool to assist, not a replacement for humans.

The essence of an architectural project lies in the spirit and creative thinking of the architect. Therefore, in an era where technology dominates, architects need to look inward and maintain a strong and healthy spiritual life, so they can create works that reflect personal vision and humanistic values.